What are Bitters?

Bitters are a unique and essential ingredient in many cocktails, adding depth, complexity, and a touch of bitterness to a wide variety of drinks. While often used in small quantities, bitters can have a significant impact on the overall flavor profile of a cocktail. In this article, we'll explore what bitters are, how they are made, and their common uses in cocktails.

What Are Bitters?

Bitters are a concentrated, aromatic liquid made from a combination of herbs, spices, roots, and barks, infused in a high-proof alcohol. They were originally developed as medicinal tonics in the early 19th century, believed to aid in digestion and other health ailments. Over time, bitters became a popular ingredient in cocktails, adding a complex flavor profile and balance to sweet or sour drinks.

Bitters are typically used in small amounts, as they are highly concentrated and have a strong, bitter taste. They are often added to cocktails in drops or dashes, although some recipes may call for larger amounts. While bitters were traditionally made with a high-proof alcohol, there are now non-alcoholic versions available, making them accessible to a wider range of consumers.

How Are Bitters Made?

Bitters can be made with a wide variety of ingredients, depending on the desired flavor profile. Some common ingredients include:

• Herbs and spices like gentian, cinnamon, cardamom, and cloves

• Roots like ginger, angelica, and burdock

• Barks like cinchona and quassia

• Fruits like orange, lemon, and grapefruit

To make bitters, these ingredients are combined with a high-proof alcohol, typically vodka, gin, or whiskey. The mixture is then left to steep for several days or weeks, allowing the flavors to infuse into the alcohol. The resulting liquid is strained and bottled, ready to use in cocktails.

Common Uses of Bitters in Cocktails

Bitters are an essential ingredient in many classic cocktails, adding depth, complexity, and balance to the overall flavor profile. Some common uses of bitters in cocktails include:

• Old Fashioned: One of the most iconic cocktails, the Old Fashioned is made with whiskey, sugar, water, and a few dashes of Angostura bitters.

• Manhattan: A classic whiskey cocktail made with whiskey, sweet vermouth, and a few dashes of bitters.

• Martini: A classic gin or vodka cocktail made with dry vermouth and a dash of bitters.

• Negroni: A popular Italian cocktail made with gin, Campari, and sweet vermouth, and a few dashes of bitters.

• Sazerac: A New Orleans classic made with rye whiskey, absinthe, sugar, and a few dashes of Peychaud's bitters.

Bitters can also be used in non-alcoholic cocktails, mocktails, and even in cooking and baking, adding depth and complexity to a wide range of dishes.

In conclusion, bitters are a versatile and essential ingredient in many cocktails, adding complexity and depth to the overall flavor profile. They are made from a combination of herbs, spices, roots, and barks infused in high-proof alcohol, and can be used in a wide variety of drinks and dishes. Understanding the unique characteristics of different types of bitters can help bartenders and home mixologists create delicious and balanced cocktails.